Câu 2)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2\frac{\ln x}{x}dx\\ v=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln ^2x-\frac{2}{3}\int x^2\ln xdx\)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} k=\ln x\\ dt=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dk=\frac{dx}{x}\\ t=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x^2\ln xdx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\int \frac{x^2}{3}dx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\frac{x^3}{9}+c\)

Do đó \(I=\frac{x^3\ln^2x}{3}-\frac{2}{9}x^3\ln x+\frac{2}{27}x^3+c\)

Câu 3:

\(I=\int\frac{2}{\cos 2x-7}dx=-\int\frac{2}{2\sin^2x+6}dx=-\int\frac{dx}{\sin^2x+3}\)

Đặt \(t=\tan\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \sin x=\frac{2t}{t^2+1}\\ dx=\frac{2dt}{t^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=-\int \frac{2dt}{(t^2+1)\left ( \frac{4t^2}{(t^2+1)^2}+3 \right )}=-\int\frac{2(t^2+1)dt}{3t^4+10t^2+3}=-\int \frac{2d\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )}{3\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )^2+16}=\int\frac{2dk}{3k^2+16}\)

Đặt \(k=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\tan v\). Đến đây dễ dàng suy ra \(I=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{3}}v+c\)

Câu 6)

\(I=-\int \frac{\left ( 1-\frac{1}{x^2} \right )dx}{x^2+2+\frac{1}{x^2}}=-\int \frac{d\left ( x+\frac{1}{x} \right )}{\left ( x+\frac{1}{x} \right )^2}=-\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x}}+c=-\frac{x}{x^2+1}+c\)

Câu 8)

\(I=\int \ln \left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)dx=\int \ln (x+1)dx-\int \ln (x-1)dx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I=\int \ln (x+1)d(x+1)-\int \ln (x-1)d(x-1)\)

Xét \(\int \ln tdt\) ta có:

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln t\\ dv=dt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{dt}{t}\\ v=t\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int \ln tdt=t\ln t-\int dt=t\ln t-t+c\)

\(\Rightarrow I=(x+1)\ln (x+1)-(x+1)-(x-1)\ln (x-1)+x-1+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I=(x+1)\ln(x+1)-(x-1)\ln(x-1)+c\)

a) Dùng phương pháp hữu tỉ hóa "Nếu \(f\left(x\right)=R\left(e^x\right)\Rightarrow t=e^x\)"  ta có \(e^x=t\Rightarrow x=\ln t,dx=\frac{dt}{t}\)

Khi đó \(I_1=\int\frac{t^3}{t+2}.\frac{dt}{t}=\int\frac{t^2}{t+2}dt=\int\left(t-2+\frac{4}{t+2}\right)dt\)

                \(=\frac{1}{2}t^2-2t+4\ln\left(t+2\right)+C=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}-2e^x+4\ln\left(e^x+2\right)+C\)

b) Hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm

\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt[3]{x^2}}=R\left(x;x^{\frac{1}{2}},x^{\frac{2}{3}}\right)\)

q=BCNN(2;3)=6

Ta thực hiện phép hữu tỉ hóa theo :

"Nếu \(f\left(x\right)=R\left(x:\left(ã+b\right);\left(ax+b\right)^{r2},....\right),r_k=\frac{P_k}{q_k}\in Q,k=1,2,...,m\Rightarrow t=\left(ax+b\right)^{\frac{1}{q}}\),q=BCNN \(\left(q_1,q_2,...,q_m\right)\)"

=> \(t=x^{\frac{1}{6}}\Rightarrow x=t^{6,}dx=6t^5dt\)

Khi đó nguyên hàm đã cho trở thành :

\(I_2=\int\frac{t^3}{t^6-t^4}6t^{5dt}=\int\frac{6t^4}{t^2-1}dt=6\int\left(t^2+1+\frac{1}{t^2-1}\right)dt\)

     \(=6\int\left(t^2+1\right)dt+2\int\frac{dt}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)}=2t^3+6t+3\int\frac{dt}{t-1}-3\int\frac{dt}{t+1}\)

     \(=2t^2+6t+3\ln\left|t-1\right|-3\ln\left|t+1\right|+C=2\sqrt{x}+6\sqrt[6]{x}+3\ln\left|\frac{\sqrt[6]{x-1}}{\sqrt[6]{x+1}}\right|+C\)

c) Hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm có dạng :

\(f\left(x\right)=R\left(x;\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}};\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{5}{6}}\right)\)

q=BCNN (3;6)=6

Ta thực hiện phép hữu tỉ hóa được

\(t=\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{1}{6}}\Rightarrow x=\frac{t^6+1}{t^6-1},dx=\frac{-12t^5}{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}dt\)

Khi đó hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm trở thành

\(R\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{t^6+1}{t^6-1}\right)^2-1}\left[t^4-t^5\right]=\frac{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}{4t^6}\left(t^4-t^5\right)\)

Do đó :

\(I_3=\int\frac{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}{4t^6}\left(t^4-t^5\right).\frac{-12t^5}{\left(t^6-1\right)}dt=3\int\left(t^4-t^3\right)dt\)

    \(=\frac{5}{3}t^5-\frac{3}{4}t^4+C=\frac{3}{5}\sqrt[6]{\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^5}-\frac{3}{4}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^2}+C\)

lm jup mk di m.n

\(=\int\left(6x^2-\dfrac{4}{x}+sin3x-cos4x+e^{2x+1}+9^{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}-\dfrac{1}{sin^2x}\right)dx\)

\(=2x^3-4ln\left|x\right|-\dfrac{1}{3}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{4}sin4x+\dfrac{1}{2}e^{2x+1}+\dfrac{9^{x-1}}{ln9}+tanx+cotx+C\)

a) Đặt \(\sqrt{2x-5}=t\) khi đó \(x=\frac{t^2+5}{2}\) , \(dx=tdt\)

Do vậy \(I_1=\int\frac{\frac{1}{4}\left(t^2+5\right)^2+3}{t^3}dt=\frac{1}{4}\int\frac{\left(t^4+10t^2+37\right)t}{t^3}dt\)

                \(=\frac{1}{4}\int\left(t^2+10+\frac{37}{t^2}\right)dt=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{t^3}{3}+10t-\frac{37}{t}\right)+C\)

Trở về biến x, thu được :

\(I_1=\frac{1}{12}\sqrt{\left(2x-5\right)^3}+\frac{5}{2}\sqrt{2x-5}-\frac{37}{4\sqrt{2x-5}}+C\)

b) \(I_2=\frac{1}{3}\int\frac{d\left(\ln\left(3x-1\right)\right)}{\ln\left(3x-1\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\ln\left|\ln\left(3x-1\right)\right|+C\)

c) \(I_3=\int\frac{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}{\sqrt{x^2-7+\frac{1}{x^2}}}dx=\int\frac{d\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-5}}\)

Đặt \(x-\frac{1}{x}=t\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(I_3=\int\frac{dt}{\sqrt{t^2-5}}=\ln\left|t+\sqrt{t^2-5}\right|+C\)

                           \(=\ln\left|x-\frac{1}{x}+\sqrt{x^2-7+\frac{1}{x^2}}\right|+C\)

Chịu thôi khó quá.

a) Đặt \(1+\ln x=t\)  khi đó \(\frac{dx}{x}=dt\)  và do đó 

\(I_1=\int\sqrt{t}dt=\frac{2}{3}t^{\frac{3}{2}}+C=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(1+\ln x\right)^3}+C\)

b) Đặt \(\sqrt[4]{e^x+1}=t\)  khi đó \(e^x+1=t^4\Rightarrow e^x=t^4-1\) và \(e^xdx=4t^3dt\)  , \(e^{2x}dx=e^x.e^xdx=\left(t^4-1\right)4t^3dt\) 

Do đó :

\(I_2=4\int\frac{t^3\left(t^4-1\right)}{t}dt=4\int\left(t^6-t^2\right)dt=4\left[\frac{t^7}{7}-\frac{t^3}{3}\right]+C\)

    \(=4\left[\frac{1}{7}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^7}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt[4]{\left(e^x+1\right)^3}\right]+C\)

c) Lưu ý rằng \(x^2dx=\frac{1}{3}d\left(x^3+C\right)\) do đó :

\(I_3=\int x^2e^{x^{3+6}dx}=\frac{1}{3}\int e^{x^{3+6}}d\left(x^3+6\right)=\frac{1}{3}e^{x^{3+6}}+C\)

C

8 hệ

1) Đặt \(2+lnx=t\Leftrightarrow x=e^{t-2}\Rightarrow dx=e^{t-2}dt\)

\(I_1=\int\left(\frac{t-2}{t}\right)^2\cdot e^{t-2}\cdot dt=\int\left(1-\frac{4}{t}+\frac{4}{t^2}\right)e^{t-2}dt\\ =\int e^{t-2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt\)

Có:

\(4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt=-4\int e^{t-2}\cdot d\left(\frac{1}{t}\right)=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt\\ \Leftrightarrow4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^{ }}dt=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}\)

Vậy \(I_1=\int e^{t-2}dt-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}=e^{t-2}-\frac{4e^{t-2}}{t}+C\)

3) Đặt \(t=\sqrt{1+\sqrt[3]{x^2}}\Rightarrow t^2-1=\sqrt[3]{x^2}\Leftrightarrow x^2=\left(t^2-1\right)^3\)

\(d\left(x^2\right)=d\left[\left(t^2-1\right)^3\right]\Leftrightarrow2x\cdot dx=6t\left(t^2-1\right)^2\cdot dt\)

\(I_3=\int\frac{3t\left(t^2-1\right)^2}{t}dt=3\int\left(t^4-2t^2+1\right)dt=...\)

5) Đặt \(\frac{2+x}{2-x}=4t^3\Leftrightarrow4t^3=\frac{4}{2-x}-1\)

\(d\left(4t^3\right)=d\left(\frac{4}{2-x}-1\right)\Leftrightarrow3t^2dt=\frac{1}{\left(2-x\right)^2}dx\)

\(I_5=\int\frac{3t^2}{t\sqrt[3]{4}}dt=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{4}}\int tdt=...\)

1) Đặt \(t=1+\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=\left(t-1\right)^2+1\forall t\ge1\Rightarrow dx=d\left(t-1\right)^2=2dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I_1=\int\frac{\left(t-1\right)^2+1}{t}\cdot2dt=2\int\frac{t^2-2t+2}{t}dt=2\int\left(t-2+\frac{2}{t}\right)dt\\ =t^2-4t+4lnt+C\)

Thay x vào ta có...

2) \(I_2=\int\frac{2sinx\cdot cosx}{cos^3x-\left(1-cos^2x\right)-1}dx=\int\frac{-2cosx\cdot d\left(cosx\right)}{cos^3x+cos^2x-2}=\int\frac{-2t\cdot dt}{t^3+t-2}\)

\(I_2=\int\frac{-2t}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}dt=-\frac{2}{5}\int\frac{dt}{t-1}+\frac{1}{5}\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt-\frac{6}{5}\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}\)

Ta có:

\(\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt=\int\frac{d\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}{t^2+2t+2}=ln\left(t^2+2t+2\right)+C\)

\(\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}=\int\frac{\frac{1}{cos^2m}}{tan^2m+1}dm=\int dm=m+C=arctan\left(t+1\right)+C\)

Thay x vào, ta có....

3)

\(\frac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)+\sqrt{x+1}}=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}}{\left[\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}\right]\cdot\left[\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)+\sqrt{x+1}\right]}\\ =\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(I_3=\int\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)dx=\sqrt{x}+\frac{x}{2}+\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}\)

Xét \(\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}\)

Đặt \(x=tan^2t\Leftrightarrow dx=\frac{2tant}{cos^2t}\cdot dt\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}=\int\sqrt{\frac{tan^2t+1}{tan^2t}}\cdot\frac{tant}{cos^2t}dt\\ =\int\frac{1}{sin^2t}\cdot\frac{sint}{cos^3t}dt=\int\frac{d\left(cost\right)}{cos^3t\left(1-cos^2t\right)}=...\)

a)

Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x-3}\Rightarrow x=u^2+3\)

\(I_1=\int (2x-3)\sqrt{x-3}dx=\int (2u^2+3)ud(u^2+3)=2\int (2u^2+3)u^2du\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I_1=4\int u^4du+6\int u^2du=\frac{4u^5}{5}+2u^3+c\)

b)

\(I_2=\int \frac{xdx}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^3}}=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^2}}\)

Đặt \(u=\sqrt{x^2+1}\). Khi đó:

\(I_2=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(u^2)}{u^3}=\int \frac{udu}{u^3}=\int \frac{du}{u^2}=\frac{-1}{u}+c\)

c)

\(I_3=\int \frac{e^xdx}{e^x+e^{-x}}=\int \frac{e^{2x}dx}{e^{2x}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d(e^{2x}+1)}{e^{2x}+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I_3=\frac{1}{3}\ln |e^{2x}+1|+c=\frac{1}{2}\ln|u|+c\)

d)

\(I_4=\int \frac{dx}{\sin x-\sin a}=\int \frac{dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2}-\frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}=\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\cos \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )dx}{2\sin \left ( \frac{x-a}{2} \right )}+\frac{1}{\cos a}\int \frac{\sin \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )dx}{2\cos \left ( \frac{x+a}{2} \right )}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I_4=\frac{1}{\cos a}\left ( \ln |\sin \frac{x-a}{2}|-\ln |\cos \frac{x+a}{2}| \right )+c\)

e)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow x=t^2\)

\(I_5=\int t\sin td(t^2)=2\int t^2\sin tdt\)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=t^2\\ dv=\sin tdt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2tdt\\ v=-\cos t\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4\int t\cos tdt\)

Tiếp tục nguyên hàm từng phần \(\Rightarrow \int t\cos tdt=t\sin t+\cos t+c\)

\(\Rightarrow I_5=-2t^2\cos t+4t\sin t+4\cos t+c\)

g)

Có \(I_6=\int x\ln \left ( \frac{x}{x+1} \right )dx=\int x\ln xdx-\int x\ln (x+1)dx\)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln x\\ dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{dx}{x}\\ v=\frac{x^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x\ln xdx=\frac{x^2\ln x}{2}-\int \frac{xdx}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \int x\ln xdx=\frac{x^2\ln x}{2}-\frac{x^2}{4}+c\)

Tương tự, \(\int x\ln (x+1)dx=\frac{x^2\ln (x+1)}{2}-\int \frac{x^2}{2(x+1)}dx\)

\(=\frac{x^2\ln (x+1)}{2}-\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{x}{2}-\frac{\ln (x+1)}{2}+c\)

Suy ra \(I_5=\frac{x^2}{2}\ln \frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{2}\ln|x+1|-\frac{x}{2}+c\)